Single Pair Ethernet (SPE)
Data transmission via a single pair of wires
Single Pair Ethernet is a central trend in automation and enables the infrastructure for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). While Ethernet has already become established from the enterprise level down to the control level, the field level is often still connected via traditional fieldbus systems.
For data exchange between the control and field levels, gateways or protocol converters are therefore usually required. Single Pair Ethernet enables continuous, space-saving, and cost-efficient Ethernet communication from the cloud down to the field level for the first time using only one pair of wires (2-wire Ethernet).
In addition to data transmission SPE allows the simultaneous power supply of end devices with Power over Data Line (PoDL). This significantly reduces cabling effort and opens up new possibilities for Industrial Ethernet and IIoT applications.
Single Pair Ethernet nach IEC 63171-7 Edition 2
Variants
- IP 20 Rectangular with internal shield element
- M8 2-way without internal shield element
- M12 2-way with / without internal shield element
- M12 Hybrid up to 7-way with internal shield element
Several codings and termination variants are possible.
Use Cases
In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), SPE enables the direct integration of smart sensors into digital data chains. This allows for the continuous collection of status and process data, which can then be used for applications such as condition monitoring, edge analytics, and predictive maintenance. Particularly relevant is the ability to efficiently deliver large volumes of data and evaluate them in real time, which is what makes data-driven optimization and AI-based analytics feasible in the first place. SPE enables the direct integration of smart sensors into data-driven systems.
Typical Use Cases:
Condition Monitoring
- Vibration monitoring of motors and bearings
- Temperature monitoring in production processes
Predictive Maintenance
- Early detection of wear through continuous data collection
Edge Analytics
- Local data analysis on edge devices for rapid decision-making
Smart Sensor Networks
- Sensors located along production lines or equipment
In mechanical engineering, SPE primarily supports modular and flexible machine designs. Individual components can be easily networked and integrated into scalable systems. At the same time, direct access to process data improves the control and optimization of production processes. This results in machine architectures that are more efficient, easier to expand, and easier to maintain. SPE supports flexible, modular, and data-driven system designs.
Typical Use Cases:
Modular machines
- Plug-and-play integration of machine modules
Process monitoring
- Real-time monitoring of production parameters (e.g., pressure, flow rate)
Machine diagnostics
- Error analysis and condition monitoring within the plant
Robotic and automation cells
- Networking of grippers, axes, and sensors
In building automation (smart building), SPE enables the integration of various building services into a single network. Particularly in room control (e.g., HVAC, lighting, occupancy detection), processes can be automated and operated in an energy-efficient manner. In addition, SPE facilitates integration with central management systems, making energy consumption more transparent and allowing for the optimization of operating strategies. In building automation, SPE enables the integration and automation of technical systems.
Typical Use Cases:
Room climate control
- Control of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems
Smart lighting
- Occupancy-based lighting control for energy savings
Access and security systems
- Integration of door access controls, cameras, and alarm systems
Energy and usage monitoring
- Tracking and analysis of electricity and energy consumption
In the energy sector, SPE is primarily used to connect distributed energy systems and infrastructure. It supports applications such as the digitalization of power grids and the monitoring of energy generation and distribution facilities. This enables better analysis of operational conditions, more stable grid control, and the advancement of smart energy systems. SPE supports the digitalization and monitoring of distributed energy systems.
Typical Use Cases:
Smart Grids
- Communication between generators, storage facilities, and consumers
Monitoring of energy facilities
- Condition Monitoring of transformers and switchgear
Renewable Energy
- Monitoring of wind power and solar power plants
Network Diagnostics
- Monitoring of power quality and load conditions in the power grid
In the field of robotics, SPE enables efficient and compact networking of robotic systems and their peripherals. Sensors, actuators, and end-effectors are integrated directly into the communication structure, ensuring precise control and fast data transmission within the robotic system. SPE is particularly well-suited for dynamic applications with limited installation space, as the reduced cabling improves mobility and minimizes mechanical stress. At the same time, seamless communication facilitates the integration of robots into higher-level automation and production systems.
Typical Use Cases:
Robotic arms
- Connecting joint sensors and actuators for precise motion control
End effectors
- Integration of grippers, tools, or camera systems
Collaborative robots (cobots)
- Sensors for safe human-robot interaction
Image processing systems
- Transmission of camera data for object recognition and quality inspection
Mobile robots (AGVs/AMRs)
- Communication between navigation sensors and control systems
In the transportation sector, SPE enables reliable and space-saving networking of components in transportation and logistics systems. Control units, sensors, and subsystems are connected directly to one another to ensure stable communication even under demanding environmental conditions such as vibration or temperature fluctuations. SPE is particularly well-suited for distributed systems, as it supports efficient data transmission along vehicles or infrastructure while also facilitating integration into central control and monitoring systems.
Typical Use Cases:
Rail vehicles (trains)
- Integration of door control systems, sensors, and diagnostic systems
Logistics and transport systems
- Control and monitoring of conyeyor belts and sorting systems
Airport infrastructure
- Baggage handling systems and tracking solutions
Utility vehicles
- Sensors and control systems in truck or fleet management systems
Intelligent transportation systems
- Networking of sensors for traffic monitoring and control
More Benefits
- Space and Cost Savings: Less cables and compact hardware reduce costs and save space
- Fit for Industrial Use: Durable, robust, and easy to install. Ideal for harsh environment
- Use Existing Installations: Smooth integration into existing systems and infrastructure
- End-to-end communication: Continuous data exchange between sensors and cloud applications
- Intuitive installation: Familiar feel similar to RJ45 connectors makes handling easier
- Fit for the future: Standardized design in accordance with Industrial Ethernet standards guarantees interoperability and durability
Single Pair Ethernet nach IEC 63171-7 Edition 2
Future-proof automation starts with SPE
Single Pair Ethernet is more than just an upgrade. SPE sets the foundation for connected, future-proof automation with minimal cabling, smart power management, and full IP transparency.
What distinguishes IMS CS from other providers?
With IMS Connector Systems, you can implement Single Pair Ethernet solutions that are customized exactly to the requirements of your application.
In addition to meeting established standards, we develop solutions that integrate smoothly into existing systems.
From the initial concept to series production, IMS supports the entire development process. Through close collaboration, individual requirements are addressed early on and implemented in a targeted manner. This results in connection solutions that are not only technically impressive but also set new standards in terms of efficiency and integrability.
Especially in the SPE environment, where data transmission and power supply are increasingly converging, tailor-made solutions are essential. IMS Connector Systems ensures that all components are optimally coordinated and work together reliably.
The result is compact, high-performance, and future-proof connection solutions that work exactly where they are needed: in demanding industrial applications, in automation, and wherever Single Pair Ethernet is intended to realize its full potential.
What is the difference between SPE and RJ45?
Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) complements classic RJ45 Ethernet and enables Ethernet connectivity down to the field level. With less cable, less weight and greater range.
|
Feature |
Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) |
RJ45 (Traditional Ethernet) |
|
Wiring |
1 twisted pair (2 wires) |
4 twisted pairs (8 wires) |
|
Connector Standard |
IEC 63171 series (compact, industrial variants) |
8P8C modular plug (Registered Jack 45) |
|
Data Rate |
Up to 1 Gbit/s (depending on standard, e.g. 100BASE-T1, 1000BASE-T1) |
Typically up to 10 Gbit/s (Cat6a and higher) |
|
Transmission Distance |
Up to 1,000 m (depending on application, e.g. building automation, industrial) |
Typically up to 100 m (standard Ethernet cabling) |
|
Power Supply |
Supports PoDL (Power over Data Line) – data + power on one pair |
Supports PoE (Power over Ethernet) – data + power over 4 pairs |
|
Size & Weight |
Smaller, lighter cables and connectors – ideal for sensors, IoT, automotive |
Larger connectors and thicker cables |
|
Use Cases |
Industrial IoT, building automation, automotive, sensor/actuator connectivity |
IT networks, office LAN, data centers |
|
Interoperability |
Designed to extend Ethernet to edge devices (sensor-to-cloud) |
Standardized network infrastructure for general applications |
Takeaway
SPE + RJ45 = end-to-end Ethernet architecture from the cloud to the sensor. SPE enables scalable and future ready system architectures, while RJ45 remains the high performance foundation of network infrastructure.
What advantages does SPE offer over fieldbus systems?
Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) offers a decisive advantage over conventional fieldbus systems: seamless, IP-based communication from the sensor to the cloud without disruptive gateways. It enables higher data rates (up to 10 Mbit/s over 1,000 m), saves space and weight through thinner cables, and simultaneously powers end devices via Power over Data Line (PoDL).
The key advantages of SPE at a glance:
-
End-to-end IP communication: Enables direct Ethernet connectivity of the field level to the IT world (IIoT), eliminating the need for complex protocol implementations.
-
High performance & range: Offers significantly higher data rates than traditional fieldbuses, with ranges of up to 1,000 meters.
-
Compact cabling: SPE uses only a single wire pair, resulting in lighter cables, smaller bending radii, and higher packing density in cable ducts.
-
Power supply (PoDL): Sensors and actuators can be powered directly via the data line using Power over Data Line.
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Reduced complexity: Since only a single, standardized Ethernet protocol is required, planning and maintenance efforts are reduced.
-
Cost efficiency: By eliminating gateways and saving on cabling, costs can be reduced by 10% to 40% compared to traditional systems.
What is PoDL?
PoDL (Power over Data Line) enables the transmission of data and power at the same time via a single pair of wires. In the context of Single Pair Ethernet (SPE), this means that a single cable handles both communication and power delivery to devices.
Technically, PoDL is based on feeding direct current into the data line without interrupting data transmission. This allows end devices such as sensors, actuators, or cameras to be powered directly via the Ethernet connection.
For applications, this brings clear advantages: cabling requirements are reduced, installations become simpler, and systems are significantly more compact. At the same time, efficiency increases because fewer components and interfaces are needed.